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1.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 7(supl.2): 70-88, jul.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1251580

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: los pacientes con trasplante renal y COVID-19 tienen alto riesgo de complicaciones y mortalidad dado que con mayor frecuencia presentan compromiso respiratorio. Hasta el momento, en Colombia no existen protocolos establecidos sobre el manejo de la inmunosupresión de base ni sobre estrategias de tratamiento en esta población, por lo que es necesario establecer recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia disponible y en el consenso de expertos para que sean aplicadas a nivel local. Objetivo: desarrollar mediante un consenso de expertos y una revisión de la literatura una serie de recomendaciones para diagnosticar y prevenir el contagio de SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con trasplante renal, así como para darles un manejo adecuado. Materiales y métodos: se formularon una serie de preguntas sobre infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trasplante renal con énfasis en comportamiento clínico, frecuencia de la infección, prevención, diagnóstico, manejo de la inmunosupresión y tratamiento, a partir de las cuales se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y EMBASE y en los portales web de algunas sociedades científicas y se consultó a un grupo de especialistas en nefrología y cirugía. La discusión de las preguntas, las respuestas y lo encontrado en la literatura se realizó entre el 23 de abril y el 10 de mayo de 2020. Resultados: se realizó un panel de discusión donde los expertos discutieron y evaluaron la calidad de la evidencia para emitir una recomendación final sobre cada punto evaluado. Asimismo, se realizó un consolidado de las principales series de casos de infección por SARS-CoV2 en población con trasplante renal y sus desenlaces clínicos publicados hasta el momento. Conclusiones: se establecieron unas recomendaciones para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el manejo de pacientes con trasplante renal y COVID-19, las cuales hacen énfasis en el manejo inmunosupresor de base y resaltan la importancia de las interacciones farmacológicas de los tratamientos disponibles para el SARS-CoV-2 con la terapia inmunosupresora. Igualmente se dan recomendaciones para realizar trasplantes de forma segura durante la pandemia.


Abstract Introduction: Kidney transplant patients are a high-risk population for complications and mortality associated with SARS CoV2 infection. Different reports in the literature have shown a higher frequency of respiratory compromise and mortality, currently don't exist recommendations with an adequate level of evidence regarding the management of base immunosuppression and treatment strategies in this population, for which reason it is necessary from the national scene, build recommendations based on the available evidence and consensus of experts, to be applied at the local level. Objective: To develop, by means of an expert consensus and a review of the available literature, recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and management of transplant patients with SARS Cov2 infection. And give recommendations to continue with the organ procurement and transplant activity in the scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Questions were asked about SARS Cov2 infection in kidney transplantation, with emphasis on clinical behavior, frequency of infection, prevention, diagnosis, management of immunosuppression and treatment. A search of the literature in Pubmed, Embase and scientific societies was performed to answer each of the questions. The discussion of the answers to each of the questions according to the available evidence and the possibility of adapting them to local practice was carried out by consensus method and panel of experts. Nephrology and transplant surgery specialists from transplant groups in the country participated in the consensus. Results: A panel of experts was held to discuss the questions and answers found in the literature between April 23, 2020 and May 10, 2020, for each question a panel discussion was held where the total of experts discussed and Evaluates the quality of the evidence to issue a final recommendation on each evaluated point. A consolidation of the main series of cases of SARS-CoV2 infection in the kidney transplant population and the clinical outcomes was carried out up to the moment of publication. Conclusions: According to what is found in the literature, recommendations are made for the prevention, diagnosis and management of patients with kidney transplantation and SARS-CoV2 infection, emphasizing behavior with respect to basic immunosuppressive management, and highlighting the importance of the pharmacological interactions of the available treatments for SARS-CoV2 with immunosuppressive therapy, recommendations are also given to implement the procupara and transplant activity safely during the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Kidney Transplantation , COVID-19 , Patients , Colombia , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Nephrology
2.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 7(supl.2): 89-117, jul.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1251581

ABSTRACT

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication in patients with COVID-19 and its occurrence is a potential indicator of multi-organ dysfunction and disease severity. Objective: Develop, through an expert consensus, evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of acute kidney injury in patients with SARS CoV2 / COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods: Based on a rapid systematic review in Embase and Pubmed databases and documents from scientific societies, we made preliminary recommendations and consulted with an expert group through an online tool. Then we defined agreement after at least 70 % consensus approval. Quality evidence was evaluated according to the type of document included. The strength of the recommendations was graded as strong or weak. Results: Fifty clinical experts declared their conflict of interest; the consultation took place between May 2 and 29, 2020. The range of agreement ranged from 75.5 % to 100 %. Recommendations for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with SARS CoV2 infection are presented. Conclusions: Although the good quality information available regarding acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 is scarce, the recommendations of clinical experts will guide clinical decision-making and strategies around patients with this complication, guaranteeing care focused on the people, with high quality standards, and the generation of safety, health and wellness policies for multidisciplinary care teams.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 , Patients , Colombia , Diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury
3.
Herrera-Molina, Emilio; González, Nancy Yomayusa; Low-Padilla, Eduardo; Oliveros-Velásquez, Juan David; Mendivelso-Duarte, Fredy; Gómez-Gómez, Olga Victoria; Castillo, Ana María; Barrero-Garzón, Liliana Isabel; Álvarez-Moreno, Carlos Arturo; Moscoso-Martínez, Ernesto Augusto; Ruíz-Blanco, Pilar Cristin; Luna-Ríos, Joaquín Gustavo; Ortiz, Natasha; Herrera, Emiliano Mauricio; Guevara-Santamaría, Fabián; Moreno-Gómez, Jairo Enrique; Cárdenas-Ramírez, Héctor Mauricio; González-González, Camilo Alberto; Jannauth, María José; Patiño-Pérez, Adulkarin; Pinto, Diego Alejandro; Acevedo, Juan Ramon; Torres, Rodolfo Eduardo; Montero, Jairo Camilo; Acevedo, Andrés David; Caceres, Ximena Adriana; Acuña-Olmos, Jairo; Arias, Carlos Andrés; Medardo-Rozo, José; Castellanos-Parada, Jeffrey; López-Miranda, Ángelo Mauricio; Pinzón-Serrano, Estefanía; Rincón-Sierra, Oswaldo; Isaza-Ruget, Mario; Suárez-Ramos, María del Pilar; Vargas-Rodríguez, Johanna; Mejia-Gaviria, Natalia; Moreno-Marín, Sandra Yadira; García-Guarín, Bibiana María; Cárdenas, Martha Lucía; Chavarro, Luis Fernando; Ronderos-Bernal, Camila; Rico-Landazabal, Arturo; Coronado-Daza, Jorge Antonio; Alfaro-Tejeda, Mercedes Teresa; Yama-Mosquera, Erica; Hernández-Sierra, Astrid Patricia; Restrepo-Valencia, César Augusto; Arango-Álvarez, Javier; Rosero-Olarte, Francisco Oscar Fernando; Medina-Orjuela, Adriana; Robayo-García, Adriana; Carballo-Zarate, Virgil; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Martha Patricia; Bernal, Dora P.; Jaramillo, Laura; Baquero-Rodríguez, Richard; Mejía-Gaviria, Natalia; Aroca, Gustavo.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535986

ABSTRACT

está disponible en el texto completo


The exponential increase in the request for laboratory tests of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D or [25 (OH) D has ignited the alarms and generated a strong call for attention, since it may reflect deficiencies in the standardization of clinical practice and in the use non-systematic scientific evidence for decision-making in real life, which allows to analyze the indications of the test, its frequency, interpretation and even to assess the impact for health systems, especially when contrasted with the minimum or almost. No effects of the strategy of screening or supplying indiscriminately to the general population, without considering a comprehensive clinical assessment of risks and needs of people. From a purely public health impact point of view, the consequence of massive and unspecified requests is affecting most of the health systems and institutions at the global level. The primary studies that determined average population intake values have been widely used in the formulation of recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines, but unfortunately misinterpreted as cut points to diagnose disease and allow the exaggerated prescription of nutritional substitution. The coefficient of variation in routine tests to measure blood levels of 25 (OH) D is high (28%), decreasing the overall accuracy of the test and simultaneously, increasing both the falsely high and falsely low values. The most recent scientific evidence analyzes and seriously questions the usefulness and the real effect of the massive and indiscriminate practice of prescribing vitamin D without an exhaustive risk analysis. The available evidence is insufficient to recommend a general substitution of vitamin D to prevent fractures, falls, changes in bone mineral density, incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms and also to modify the growth curve of mothers' children. They received vitamin D as a substitute during pregnancy. The recommendations presented in the document are based on the critical analysis of current evidence and the principles of good clinical practice and invite to consider a rational use of 25 (OH) D tests in the context of a clinical practice focused on people and a comprehensive assessment of needs and risks. The principles of good practice suggest that clinicians may be able to justify that the results of the 25 (OH) D test strongly influence and define clinical practice and modify the outcomes that interest people and impact their health and wellness. Currently there is no clarity on how to interpret the results, and the relationship between symptoms and 25 (OH) D levels, which may not be consistent with the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency reported. For this reason, it is suggested to review the rationale of the request for tests for systematic monitoring of levels of 25 (OH) D or in all cases where substitution is performed. Consider the use of 25 (OH) D tests within the comprehensive evaluation of people with suspicion or confirmation of the following conditions: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hyper or hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption syndromes, sarcopenia, metabolic bone disease.

4.
Arch. med ; 18(2): 394-403, 2018/11/19.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-980676

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir el uso de ertapenem y las características clínico-microbiológicas de los pacientes durante la admisión en centro de cuarto nivel de complejidad en Medellín, Colombia entre 2009 y 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes que recibieron ertapenem como terapia antibiótica. Resultados: 1390 historias clínicas revisadas, 835 cumplieron criterios de selección. Ertapenem se usó un 36,9% para manejo de infecciones urinarias y 28,1% en infección intraabdominal principalmente; en 84% se realizó cultivo microbiológico y en 80% se aisló algún germen, entre ellos 42,5% E. coli, 24,3% K. pneumoniae y 5,8% P. mirabilis. Las cepas Beta Lactamasa de Espectro Extendido de E. coli y K. pneumoniae fueron 39,8% y 57% respectivamente. La susceptibilidad a ertapenem en E. coli fue de 96,6% y K. pneumoniae 94,4%. Conclusiones: ertapenem ofrece resultados clínicos favorablesen el manejo de infecciones urinarias e intraabdominales. Es una alternativa para el manejo empírico de infecciones de origen comunitario y como terapia dirigida en infecciones hospitalarias..(AU)


Objective: to describe the use of ertapenem along with the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients during their admission to a fourth-level health care facility in Medellin, Colombia between 2009 and 2012. Materials and Methods: a descriptive retrospective study on patients that were given antibiotic therapy with ertapenem.Results: 1390 clinical charts were reviewed, selecting 835 according to selection criteria. Ertapenem was prescribed in 36,9% for urinary tract infections and 28,1% for intraabdominal infections; 60% of the patients were located on general wards at the time of treatment with ertapenem. Microbiological cultures were performed for 84% of patients and 80% of those were positive, with 42,5% E. coli, 24,3% K. pneumoniae and 5,8% P. mirabilis. Extended spectrum betalactamases were found in 39,8% of the E. coli and 57% K. pneumoniae strains. Susceptibility of E. coli strains to ertapenem was 96,6% and 94,4% for K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: ertapenem offers favorable results when used for the treatment of urinary tract and intraabdominal infections. It is an alternative for empirical management of infections acquired outside the hospital setting, and and as directed therapy in hospital infections..(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Drug Control for Patient in Transit
5.
Acta méd. colomb ; 37(3): 117-126, jul.-set. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-656820

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en Colombia el carcinoma de cuello uterino representa la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer entre las mujeres. Objetivo: describir el valor pronóstico de la densidad microvascular (DMV) y de la expresión proteica de varios genes relacionados con la supervivencia y proliferación del cáncer de cérvix localmente avanzado tratado con quimiorradiación/braquiterapia intracavitaria. Se estimaron la tasa de respuesta global (TRG), la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) y la supervivencia global (SG). Resultados: se incluyeron 61 mujeres con una edad media de 52 ± 10 años; todas tenían diagnóstico de cáncer de cérvix localmente avanzado (IIA 2.3%/IIB 47.5%/IIIA 4.9%/IIIB 37.7%/IVA 3.3%/no definido 3.3%), con un volumen tumoral promedio de 6.4cm (DE± 1.8cm) e infección por VPH en 46% de los casos; 58 sujetos (95%) tenían un patrón escamoso, dos fueron adenocarcinomas y >50% presentaba neoplasias moderada o pobremente diferenciadas. Todas fueron tratadas con quimiorradiación (interrupción transitoria de la teleterapia por toxicidad y otras causas en 19 y 21.4%, respectivamente/media de ciclos de platino concomitante 4.8 series ± 1.0) y braquiterapia (77% completaron el tratamiento intracavitario). La mediana para la SLP y global fue de 6.6 meses (4.0-9.1) y 30 meses (1148), respectivamente. Ninguna de las variables tuvo efecto sobre la SLP, mientras el análisis multivariado demostró que los niveles de expresión del VEGF (p=0.026), EGFR (p=0.030), y el volumen tumoral <6 cm (p=0.02) influyeron sobre este desenlace. Conclusión: la tipificación de genes relacionados con angiogénesis y proliferación celular en el cáncer de cérvix localmente avanzado tratado con quimiorradiación basada en platino tiene una influencia positiva sobre el pronóstico. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 106-117).


Introduction: cervical carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in Colombia. Objective: to describe the prognostic value of microvascular density (MVD) and protein expression of several genes related to survival and proliferation of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) treated with chemoradiation / intracavitary brachytherapy. We estimated the overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: we included 61 women with a mean age of 52 ± 10 years; all were diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer (IIA 2.3% / IIB 47.5% / IIIA 4.9% / IIIB 37.7% / IVA 3.3% / 3.3% undefined ), with an average tumor volume of 6.4cm (SD ± 1.8cm) and HPV infection in 46% of cases. 58 subjects (95%) had a squamous pattern; two were adenocarcinomas and >50% had moderate or poorly differentiated neoplasms. All were treated with chemoradiation (temporary interruption of teletherapy due to toxicity, and other causes was documented in 19% and 21.4% respectively / mean of concomitant platinum cycles 4.8 ± 1.0) and brachytherapy (77% completed intracavitary treatment). The median PFS and OS was 6.6 months (4.0-9.1) and 30 months (11-48), respectively. None of the variables had an effect on the PFS, while multivariate analysis demonstrated that the levels of VEGF expression (p = 0.026), EGFR (p = 0.030), and tumor volume <6 cm (p = 0.02) influenced this outcome. Conclusion: the characterization of genes related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with platinum-based chemoradiation had a positive influence on the prognosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 106-117).

6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 27(4): 222-230, oct.-dic. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-638354

ABSTRACT

Los síndromes linfoproliferativos postrasplante (PTLD, por sus siglas en inglés) constituyen una complicación relativamente frecuente entre los receptores de trasplante de órgano sólido o de médula ósea. Representan un amplio espectro de lesiones, que oscilan desde los cambios histológicos tempranos producidos por la infección del virus de Epstein-Barr hasta las neoplasias de alto grado con respuestas variables a las intervenciones terapéuticas. El compromiso del sistema nervioso central (SNC) se ha descrito hasta en 22% de los casos, 12% de ellos en forma primaria, asociados a un peor pronóstico; en general el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico no está estandarizado, en parte, debido a la limitación fisiológica que implica la barrera hematoencefálica. El tratamiento tiene opciones limitadas; se acepta el uso de metotrexate a altas dosis o de rituximab intravenoso o intratecal. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un hombre de 76 años, receptor de un trasplante hepático por hemocromatosis, quien a los 6 años postrasplante consulta por alteración de la marcha. Tras documentar una lesión intra-axial, la biopsia por estereotaxia documenta un PTLD tardío, primario con lesión única en SNC. Después de la reducción inicial de la inmunosupresión, el tratamiento con rituximab y metotrexate intravenosos a altas dosis durante cinco ciclos, se logró respuesta parcial en este paciente, con toxicidad renal leve.


Subject(s)
Male , Immunosuppression Therapy , Gait , Central Nervous System , Organ Transplantation
7.
Acta méd. colomb ; 35(3): 126-131, jul.-sep. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635311

ABSTRACT

La cardiopatía amiloidea es una rara entidad que se puede presentar dentro del contexto de la amiloidosis sistémica. Su presentación clínica tiende a ser tardía, cuando la función cardiaca se encuentra altamente comprometida. Actualmente han surgido herramientas no invasivas que facilitan su diagnóstico. El tratamiento depende del subtipo y en su mayoría comprende medidas de soporte a la falla cardiaca para proteger otros órganos, junto con quimioterapia oral y trasplante autólogo de medula ósea. Adicionalmente, nuevos factores pronósticos se han postulado para su manejo. Se presenta un paciente que ingresó por disnea de rápida progresión, y cuyo cuadro clínico es consistente con falla cardiaca congestiva. Los estudios paraclínicos reportaron hipertrofia concéntrica del ventrículo izquierdo y un patrón de infiltrados ecogénicos en el miocardio con extensa fibrosis. Se diagnóstica cardiomiopatía restrictiva secundaria a amiloidosis AL. A partir del caso, se describen las características de la enfermedad y los nuevos adelantos en su manejo (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 126-131).


Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare disease that may occur as a component of systemic amyloidosis. Its symptomatic phase usually presents when cardiac function is highly compromised. Recently, some non-invasive diagnostic tools have emerged improving diagnosis. Treatment for this disease depends on its subtype. In most cases, it consists on supportive measures to improve heart failure and organ function, in addition with oral chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation. Alongside, new prognostic factors have been introduced. As an example, a clinical case about a patient who develops rapid-progression dyspnea and congestive heart failure is described. The ecocardiographic report stated a left ventricular concentric hypertrophy and ecogenic infiltrate patterns associated with extensive fibrosis. This leaded to the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis secondary to systemic amyloidosis. Based on this case, characteristics and new advances in its management are presented (Acta Med Colomb 2010; 35: 126-131).

8.
Rev. medica electron ; 32(4)jul.-ago. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-585201

ABSTRACT

En Cuba, como en otros países, las infecciones se observan en edades cada vez más tempranas, donde los adolescentes y jóvenes constituyen las poblaciones más vulnerables expuestas al riesgo. En este sentido, la prevención, a través de la educación en las escuelas, representa un poderoso instrumento para lograr la reducción de casos futuros de ITS-VIH/sida. Teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, se realizó un estudio de intervención, seleccionando el Instituto Preuniversitario Vocacional de Ciencias Exactas Carlos Marx, de Matanzas. El estudio se realizó en el período comprendido del curso académico 2008-2009. El universo de estudio estuvo representado por 124 estudiantes de onceno grado, que residían en el municipio de Matanzas; se utilizó para el diagnóstico una encuesta validada, que se encuentra en el libro Metodología para la prevención de las ITS-VIH/sida en adolescentes y jóvenes. La mayoría de los estudiantes tenían nociones inadecuadas al respecto. A partir de las dificultades encontradas, se diseñó un programa de capacitación; teniéndose en cuenta las necesidades de aprendizaje, y los horarios de las actividades docentes. Se les fue entregado un manual instructivo para la prevención de las ITS-VIH/sida, que contiene mensajes educativos y técnicas participativas, el cual brindó respuesta a los principales problemas identificados, relacionados con los conocimientos sobre ITS-VIH/sida en este nivel de enseñanza. Al finalizar la intervención, se constató un incremento de los conocimientos de los mismos acerca de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, lo cual indica una necesaria sistematicidad en la labor educativa.


In Cuba, as in other countries, sexually transmitted infections are observed in more and more early ages, and teenagers and young people are the most vulnerable populations exposed to risk. In this sense the prevention, through education in schools, represents a powerful instrument to achieve the reduction of future cases of STI-HIV/AIDS. Taking into account this problem, we carried out an interventional study in the Pre-university Vocational Institute of Exact Sciences Carlos Marx, of Matanzas, during the school year 2008-2009. The universe of the study was formed by 124 11-grade students; for the diagnosis we used a validated questionnaire we found in the book “Methodology for the prevention of the STI-HIV/AIDS in teenagers and young people”. Most of the students had inadequate notions on the theme. On the bases of the found difficulties, we designed a Capacitating Program, taking into account the learning necessities and the lessons schedule. They were given and instructive manual for the prevention of the STI-HIV/AIDS, containing educative Messages and participative techniques that answered the main problems identified, related with the knowledge on STI-HIV/AIDS at this educational level. When the intervention was finished, we stated an increase of the students' knowledge on sexually transmitted infections, indicating a systematical necessity of the educative work.

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